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            <h1 id="seo-header">『算法-ACM竞赛-POJ』 3267为什么优先队列超时，DP就能过，难过</h1>
            
            
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                <h1 id="『算法-ACM-竞赛-POJ』-3267-为什么优先队列超时，DP-就能过，难过"><a href="#『算法-ACM-竞赛-POJ』-3267-为什么优先队列超时，DP-就能过，难过" class="headerlink" title="『算法-ACM 竞赛-POJ』 3267 为什么优先队列超时，DP 就能过，难过"></a>『算法-ACM 竞赛-POJ』 3267 为什么优先队列超时，DP 就能过，难过</h1><p>The Cow Lexicon<br>Time Limit: 2000MS Memory Limit: 65536K<br>Total Submissions: 11846 Accepted: 5693<br>Description</p>
<p>Few know that the cows have their own dictionary with W (1 ≤ W ≤ 600) words, each containing no more 25 of the characters ‘a’..’z’. Their cowmunication system, based on mooing, is not very accurate; sometimes they hear words that do not make any sense. For instance, Bessie once received a message that said “browndcodw”. As it turns out, the intended message was “browncow” and the two letter “d”s were noise from other parts of the barnyard.</p>
<p>The cows want you to help them decipher a received message (also containing only characters in the range ‘a’..’z’) of length L (2 ≤ L ≤ 300) characters that is a bit garbled. In particular, they know that the message has some extra letters, and they want you to determine the smallest number of letters that must be removed to make the message a sequence of words from the dictionary.</p>
<p>Input</p>
<p>Line 1: Two space-separated integers, respectively: W and L<br>Line 2: L characters (followed by a newline, of course): the received message<br>Lines 3..W+2: The cows’ dictionary, one word per line<br>Output</p>
<p>Line 1: a single integer that is the smallest number of characters that need to be removed to make the message a sequence of dictionary words.<br>Sample Input</p>
<p>6 10<br>browndcodw<br>cow<br>milk<br>white<br>black<br>brown<br>farmer<br>Sample Output</p>
<p>2<br>Source</p>
<p>USACO 2007 February Silver</p>
<p>就是问你删多少个字母让他成为字典里的单词构成的</p>
<p>这是我的垃圾的错误超时的代码，等有空再用优先队列优化一下，卡的就是三重循环，我觉得我就是被制裁了。<br>好好学习 DP，听学长说比赛的时候 DP 不是我们这个水平的人做的，我也知道 DP 很难，各种优化，甚至现在基础的都不会，要加油。</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs c">include&lt;iostream&gt;<br><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span><span class="hljs-string">&lt;cstdio&gt;</span></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span><span class="hljs-string">&lt;cstring&gt;</span></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span><span class="hljs-string">&lt;queue&gt;</span></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-string">&lt;fstream&gt;</span></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span><span class="hljs-string">&lt;set&gt;</span></span><br>using namespace <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>;<br><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> a,b[<span class="hljs-number">1000</span>];<br><span class="hljs-built_in">queue</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>&gt; dd;<br><span class="hljs-built_in">set</span>&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>&gt;ww;<br><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">del</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> a,<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> b)</span>;<br><span class="hljs-type">int</span> ans;<br><span class="hljs-type">int</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span><br>&#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-type">int</span> m,n;<br>    <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>::ios::sync_with_stdio(<span class="hljs-literal">false</span>);<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span>(!dd.empty()) dd.pop();<br>    ww.clear();<br>    <span class="hljs-built_in">cin</span>&gt;&gt;m&gt;&gt;ans;<br>    <span class="hljs-built_in">cin</span>&gt;&gt;a;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(<span class="hljs-type">int</span> i=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>;i&lt;m;i++)<br>    &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-built_in">cin</span>&gt;&gt;b[i];<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(a==b[i])&#123;<br>            <span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-number">0</span>&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;<br>        &#125;<br>        <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> tem=del(a,b[i]);<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(a!=tem)<br>        dd.push(tem);<br>    &#125;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span>(!dd.empty())<br>    &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> demo=dd.front();<br>        ans=min(ans,(<span class="hljs-type">int</span>)demo.size());<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(!ans)&#123;<br>            <span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-number">0</span>&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;<br>        &#125;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(<span class="hljs-type">int</span> i=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>;i&lt;m;i++)&#123;<br>            <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> tem=del(demo,b[i]);<br>            <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(demo!=tem)&#123;<br>                <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> tee=del(tem,b[i]);<br>                <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span>(tee!=tem)<br>                &#123;<br>                    tem=tee;<br>                    tee=del(tem,b[i]);<br>                &#125;<br>                <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(tem.size()&lt;=ans)<br>                    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(ww.insert(tem).second)dd.push(tem);<br>            &#125;<br>        &#125;<br>        dd.pop();<br>    &#125;<br>    <span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span>&lt;&lt;ans&lt;&lt;<span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;<br>&#125;<br><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">del</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> a,<span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> b)</span><br>&#123;<br>    <span class="hljs-type">int</span> j=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>;<br>    <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> tem;<br>    <span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> w=a;<br>    <span class="hljs-type">bool</span> flag=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>;<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(<span class="hljs-type">int</span> i=<span class="hljs-number">0</span>;i&lt;a.size();i++)<br>    &#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(flag) tem.push_back(a[i]);<br>       <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(a[i]==b[j]) j++;<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> tem.push_back(a[i]);<br>        <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(j==b.size())flag=<span class="hljs-number">1</span>;<br>    &#125;<br>     <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(flag) <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> tem;<br>     <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> w;<br>&#125;<br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>ACcode</p>
<figure class="highlight c"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs c"><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-string">&lt;iostream&gt;</span></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-string">&lt;cstdio&gt;</span></span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#<span class="hljs-keyword">include</span> <span class="hljs-string">&lt;cstring&gt;</span></span><br>using namespace <span class="hljs-built_in">std</span>;<br><span class="hljs-type">const</span> <span class="hljs-type">int</span> maxl = <span class="hljs-number">305</span>;<br><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span> sentence;	<span class="hljs-comment">//要解码的句子</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">string</span>  words[<span class="hljs-number">601</span>];	<span class="hljs-comment">//字典中的句子</span><br><span class="hljs-type">int</span> w, l, d[maxl];		<span class="hljs-comment">//d[i]表示地i个</span><br><span class="hljs-type">int</span> <span class="hljs-title function_">main</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span><br>&#123;<br>        <span class="hljs-built_in">scanf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%d%d&quot;</span>, &amp;w, &amp;l);<br>		<span class="hljs-built_in">cin</span>&gt;&gt; sentence;<br>		<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(<span class="hljs-type">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i &lt; w; i++)	<span class="hljs-built_in">cin</span>&gt;&gt;words[i];<br>		d[l] = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;<br>		<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(<span class="hljs-type">int</span> i = l<span class="hljs-number">-1</span>; i &gt;= <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; i--) &#123;<br>			d[i] = d[i+<span class="hljs-number">1</span>] + <span class="hljs-number">1</span>;<br>			<span class="hljs-keyword">for</span>(<span class="hljs-type">int</span> j = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>; j &lt; w; j++) &#123;<br>				<span class="hljs-type">int</span> len = words[j].size();<br>				<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(sentence[i] == words[j][<span class="hljs-number">0</span>] &amp;&amp; l-i &gt;= len) &#123;<br>					<span class="hljs-type">int</span> pSentence = i, pWords = <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;<br>					<span class="hljs-keyword">while</span>(pSentence &lt; l) &#123;<br>						<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(words[j][pWords] == sentence[pSentence]) &#123;<br>							pSentence++;	pWords++;<br>						&#125;<br>						<span class="hljs-keyword">else</span>	pSentence++;<br>						<span class="hljs-keyword">if</span>(pWords == len) &#123;<br>							d[i] = min(d[i], d[pSentence]+(pSentence-i)-len);<br>						&#125;<br>					&#125;<br>				&#125;<br>			&#125;<br>		&#125;<br>		<span class="hljs-comment">//for(int i = 0; i &lt; 10; i++)	printf(&quot;%d &quot;, d[i]);	printf(&quot;\n&quot;);</span><br>		<span class="hljs-built_in">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string">&quot;%d\n&quot;</span>, d[<span class="hljs-number">0</span>]);<br>    <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>;<br>&#125;<br><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

                
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